Table 4
The pH and concentration of NH₃-N and VFA after in vitro ruminal fermentation

	Treatment1					P-value
Item	CON	T15	T30	T45	SEM	Mean	Linear	Quadratic
pH
3 h	6.58a	6.56ab	6.55b	6.55b	0.004	0.01	<0.01	0.08
6 h	6.56a	6.54ab	6.54bc	6.52c	0.003	<0.01	<0.01	0.35
12 h	6.51a	6.48b	6.45c	6.43d	0.003	<0.01	<0.01	0.63
24 h	6.44	6.43	6.41	6.41	0.006	0.02	<0.01	0.81
48 h	6.39a	6.38ab	6.36b	6.27b	0.005	0.02	<0.01	0.09
72 h	6.40	6.40	6.40	6.40	0.005	0.75	0.89	0.75
NH3-N (mg/dL)
3 h	10.97	10.02	9.41	8.80	0.662	0.20	0.04	0.81
6 h	12.95a	12.76ab	12.24ab	11.80b	0.243	0.04	<0.01	0.63
12 h	12.95	12.18	11.27	11.36	0.713	0.36	0.11	0.56
24 h	15.22	15.32	16.15	15.49	0.504	0.59	0.49	0.48
48 h	20.69b	22.54a	22.28a	23.77a	0.624	0.05	0.01	0.78
72 h	27.12b	26.68b	29.53a	30.40a	0.352	<0.01	<0.01	0.10
Total VFA (mM)
3 h	19.73	20.24	20.57	21.16	0.491	0.29	0.07	0.94
6 h	23.32b	24.58ab	28.20a	27.85a	0.872	<0.01	<0.01	0.38
12 h	31.54c	34.39bc	36.90ab	38.11a	0.668	<0.01	<0.01	0.25
24 h	40.11	46.47	46.97	43.57	1.751	0.08	0.20	0.02
48 h	51.08	53.99	53.61	51.93	2.255	0.77	0.83	0.34
72 h	53.14b	55.06b	58.42a	60.17a	0.570	<0.01	<0.01	0.89
A:P ratio
3 h	4.07a	3.97b	3.87c	3.83c	0.017	<0.01	<0.01	0.16
6 h	4.07a	4.06a	3.95b	3.96b	0.014	<0.01	<0.01	0.46
12 h	4.15a	4.13a	3.95b	3.94b	0.013	<0.01	<0.01	0.60
24 h	3.77c	3.83bc	3.88ab	3.96a	0.019	<0.01	<0.01	0.58
48 h	3.64c	3.72bc	3.79ab	3.85a	0.023	<0.01	<0.01	0.52
72 h	3.60c	3.67b	3.73a	3.77a	0.010	<0.01	<0.01	0.15