Table 1
Volatile fatty acids production (VFA) and reductive process in the rumen adopted from [95, 96]
Substrate | | Products | ∆G (KJ)1 | Reactions |
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VFA production |
C6H12O6 + 2H2O | → | 2 C2H4O2 + 2 CO2 + 8H+ | | Acetate production |
C6H12O6 + 4H+ | → | 2 C3H6O3 + 2 H2O | | Propionate production |
C6H12O6 | → | C4H8O4 + 2 CO2 + 4H+ | | Butyrate production |
Reductive process |
CO2 + 4H2 | → | CH4 + 2 H2O | − 67.4 | Methane production |
2 CO2 + 4H2 | → | C2H4O2 + 2 H2O | −8.8 | Reductive acetogenesis |
SO42− + 4H2 + H+ | → | HS− + 4 H2O | − 84.4 | Sulfate reduction |
NO3− + 4H2 + 2H+ | → | NH4 + 3 H2O | − 371 | Nitrate reduction |