Table 5. Effects of vitamin supplementation levels in gestation diets on reproductive performance of gestating sows

Treatment1) SEM p-value
V1 V3 V6 V9 Lin. Quad.
No. of piglets
 Total born 14.56 14.27 13.64 15.33 0.495 0.721 0.336
 Born alive 12.00 13.45 12.09 13.56 0.435 0.423 0.995
 Stillbirth 1.56 0.73 1.00 1.56 0.237 0.904 0.159
 After cross-foster2) 12.11 11.84 11.66 12.00 0.116 0.626 0.160
 21 day of lactation 10.67 10.36 10.09 10.78 0.263 0.981 0.368
Litter weight (kg)
 Total litter weight 20.20 19.44 18.60 19.98 0.601 0.794 0.394
 Litter birth weight 17.92 18.65 17.06 18.34 0.584 0.953 0.818
 After cross-foster2) 17.94 16.34 16.56 16.22 0.416 0.219 0.329
 21 day of lactation 59.71 54.31 55.07 56.05 1.897 0.543 0.497
 Litter weight gain 41.77 39.21 38.66 39.83 1.776 0.714 0.617
Piglet weight (kg)
 Piglet birth weight 1.49 1.41 1.43 1.36 0.027 0.205 0.855
 After cross-foster2) 1.48 1.38 1.42 1.35 0.030 0.236 0.827
 21 day of lactation 5.72 5.30 5.42 5.19 0.145 0.302 0.750
 Piglet weight gain 4.24 3.92 4.00 3.84 0.144 0.427 0.783
Treatment: V1, corn-soybean meal (SBM) based diet with 1× National Research Council (NRC, 2012) vitamin requirement; V3, corn-SBM-based diet with 3× NRC (2012) vitamin requirement; V6, corn-SBM-based diet with 6× NRC (2012) vitamin requirement; V9, corn-SBM-based diet with 9× NRC (2012) vitamin requirement.
After cross-fostering day within 24 hours postpartum.
Lin., linear; Quad., quadratic.