Table 4. Effects of radish powder on residual nitrite, nitrosyl hemochrome, total pigments, curing efficiency, and TBARS of alternatively cured meat products

Treatments¹⁾	Residual nitrite (ppm)	Nitrosyl hemochrome (ppm)	Total pigment (ppm)	Curing efficiency (%)	TBARS (mg MAD/kg)
Control	41.56 ± 1.12^A	34.80 ± 0.21^AB	46.58 ± 0.29	74.71 ± 0.13^B	0.088 ± 0.005^B
Treatment 1	7.04 ± 0.88^E	31.47 ± 0.36^D	45.73 ± 0.21	68.79 ± 0.52^D	0.138 ± 0.006^A
Treatment 2	18.14 ± 0.27^C	34.29 ± 0.12^BC	45.90 ± 0.13	74.72 ± 0.37^B	0.121 ± 0.006^A
Treatment 3	9.19 ± 0.27^DE	33.42 ± 0.57^C	45.73 ± 0.33	73.05 ± 0.72^C	0.119 ± 0.008^A
Treatment 4	39.62 ± 1.34^A	35.53 ± 0.12^AB	45.90 ± 0.28	77.41 ± 0.38^A	0.080 ± 0.004^B
Treatment 5	10.95 ± 0.78^D	33.42 ± 0.22^C	46.07 ± 0.33	72.55 ± 0.14^C	0.125 ± 0.006^A
Treatment 6	21.99 ± 0.24^B	35.82 ± 0.05^A	46.07 ± 0.28	77.76 ± 0.46^A	0.092 ± 0.007^B

All values are means ± SE.
Number of observations in the treatments, n = 12 (residual nitrite); 12 (nitrosyl hemochrome); 12 (total pigment); 12 (curing efficiency); 12 (TBARS).
Control, 0.01% sodium nitrite; Treatment 1, 0.15% radish powder and 2 hours incubation; Treatment 2: 0.15% radish powder and 4 hours incubation; Treatment 3, 0.30% radish powder and 2 hours incubation; Treatment 4, 0.30% radish powder and 4 hours incubation; Treatment 5, 0.30% celery powder and 2 hours incubation; Treatment 6, 0.30% celery powder and 4 hours incubation.
Mean within a column with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
TBARS, 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.