Table 6. Effects of dietary Acremonium terricola culture supplementation on the amino acid levels of the pectoralis major of Hortobágy geese (g/100 g of meat)
Amino acid | Sex | Control | Low dose | Moderate dose | High dose | SEM | p-value |
ANOVA | Linear | Quadratic |
Aspartic acid | ♂ | 6.29 ± 0.03 | 6.14 ± 0.17 | 6.23 ± 0.10 | 6.16 ± 0.33 | 0.051 | 0.793 | 0.476 | 0.868 |
♀ | 6.29 ± 0.27 | 5.98 ± 0.40 | 6.18 ± 0.09 | 6.16 ± 0.16 | 0.072 | 0.536 | 0.196 | 0.813 |
♂ + ♀ | 6.29 ± 0.17 | 6.06 ± 0.29 | 6.20 ± 0.09 | 6.16 ± 0.23 | 0.043 | 0.312 | 0.101 | 0.921 |
Glutamic acid | ♂ | 13.29 ± 0.13 | 13.02 ± 0.36 | 13.16 ± 0.18 | 12.87 ± 0.56 | 0.099 | 0.529 | 0.584 | 0.522 |
♀ | 13.21 ± 0.51 | 12.48 ± 0.72 | 12.95 ± 0.23 | 13.02 ± 0.36 | 0.145 | 0.378 | 0.115 | 0.643 |
♂ + ♀ | 13.25 ± 0.34 | 12.75 ± 0.59 | 13.05 ± 0.22 | 12.94 ± 0.43 | 0.087 | 0.244 | 0.084 | 0.283 |
Glycine | ♂ | 3.71 ± 0.18 | 3.86 ± 0.27 | 3.61 ± 0.35 | 3.81 ± 0.10 | 0.067 | 0.596 | 0679 | 0.606 |
♀ | 3.74 ± 0.21 | 3.50 ± 0.11 | 3.81 ± 0.31 | 3.64 ± 0.33 | 0.073 | 0.499 | 0.425 | 0.469 |
♂ + ♀ | 3.72 ± 0.18 | 3.68 ± 0.27 | 3.71 ± 0.32 | 3.73 ± 0.24 | 0.049 | 0.988 | 0.763 | 0.862 |
Alanine | ♂ | 4.94 ± 0.15 | 4.88 ± 0.13 | 4.78 ± 0.16 | 4.90 ± 0.25 | 0.048 | 0.738 | 0.541 | 0.500 |
♀ | 4.92 ± 0.20 | 4.67 ± 0.30 | 4.84 ± 0.17 | 4.78 ± 0.20 | 0.062 | 0.575 | 0.255 | 0.917 |
♂ + ♀ | 4.93 ± 0.16 | 4.78 ± 0.24 | 4.81 ± 0.15 | 4.84 ± 0.22 | 0.039 | 0.546 | 0.173 | 0.711 |
Serine | ♂ | 3.24 ± 0.04 | 3.20 ± 0.07 | 3.18 ± 0.05 | 3.22 ± 0.15 | 0.023 | 0.870 | 0.510 | 0.717 |
♀ | 3.26 ± 0.11 | 3.11 ± 0.20 | 3.20 ± 0.07 | 3.17 ± 0.06 | 0.034 | 0.538 | 0.216 | 0.939 |
♂ + ♀ | 3.25 ± 0.07 | 3.15 ± 0.14 | 3.19 ± 0.06 | 3.20 ± 0.11 | 0.020 | 0.447 | 0.126 | 0.866 |
Arginine | ♂ | 4.94 ± 0.20 | 4.81 ± 0.20 | 4.77 ± 0.12 | 4.78 ± 0.23 | 0.052 | 0.710 | 0.461 | 0.403 |
♀ | 4.85 ± 0.18 | 4.61 ± 0.30 | 4.79 ± 0.13 | 4.72 ± 0.18 | 0.058 | 0.560 | 0.264 | 0.841 |
♂ + ♀ | 4.90 ± 0.18 | 4.71 ± 0.25 | 4.78 ± 0.11 | 4.75 ± 0.19 | 0.039 | 0.405 | 0.153 | 0.641 |
Proline | ♂ | 10.41 ± 0.20 | 10.46 ± 0.21 | 10.11 ± 0.35 | 10.07 ± 0.42 | 0.093 | 0.352 | 0.828 | 0.090 |
♀ | 10.27 ± 0.41 | 10.00 ± 0.50 | 10.14 ± 0.23 | 10.15 ± 0.20 | 0.092 | 0.838 | 0.408 | 0.970 |
♂ + ♀ | 10.34 ± 0.30 | 10.23 ± 0.42 | 10.13 ± 0.27 | 10.11 ± 0.30 | 0.065 | 0.592 | 0.607 | 0.221 |
NEAAs | ♂ | 52.18 ± 0.53 | 51.65 ± 1.48 | 51.25 ± 1.02 | 51.25 ± 2.34 | 0.387 | 0.854 | 0.692 | 0.466 |
♀ | 52.06 ± 1.93 | 49.50 ± 2.87 | 51.22 ± 1.24 | 50.89 ± 1.51 | 0.563 | 0.499 | 0.190 | 0.814 |
♂ + ♀ | 52.12 ± 1.27 | 50.58 ± 2.36 | 51.24 ± 1.01 | 51.07 ± 1.77 | 0.341 | 0.470 | 0.162 | 0.783 |
Tyrosine | ♂ | 2.66 ± 0.12 | 2.56 ± 0.09 | 2.57 ± 0.03 | 2.56 ± 0.15 | 0.030 | 0.597 | 0.281 | 0.996 |
♀ | 2.63 ± 0.09 | 2.52 ± 0.16 | 2.56 ± 0.05 | 2.53 ± 0.07 | 0.029 | 0.600 | 0.330 | 0.572 |
♂ + ♀ | 2.65 ± 0.10 | 2.54 ± 0.12 | 2.57 ± 0.04 | 2.54 ± 0.11 | 0.020 | 0.223 | 0.110 | 0.334 |
Phenylalanine | ♂ | 3.07 ± 0.04 | 2.97 ± 0.11 | 3.01 ± 0.04 | 3.03 ± 0.15 | 0.026 | 0.688 | 0.253 | 0.984 |
♀ | 3.07 ± 0.10 | 2.94 ± 0.15 | 3.01 ± 0.08 | 2.98 ± 0.09 | 0.030 | 0.570 | 0.258 | 0.868 |
♂ + ♀ | 3.07 ± 0.07 | 2.96 ± 0.12 | 3.01 ± 0.06 | 3.01 ± 0.11 | 0.020 | 0.278 | 0.072 | 0.900 |
Threonine | ♂ | 4.17 ± 0.07 | 4.05 ± 0.09 | 4.10 ± 0.11 | 4.12 ± 0.19 | 0.034 | 0.718 | 0.281 | 0.996 |
♀ | 4.17 ± 0.14 | 3.96 ± 0.24 | 4.05 ± 0.09 | 4.08 ± 0.09 | 0.043 | 0.459 | 0.136 | 0.993 |
♂ + ♀ | 4.17 ± 0.10 | 4.00 ± 0.17 | 4.08 ± 0.09 | 4.10 ± 0.14 | 0.027 | 0.208 | 0.040 | 0.992 |
Cysteine | ♂ | 0.62 ± 0.04 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 0.63 ± 0.04 | 0.008 | 0.752 | 0.815 | 0.316 |
♀ | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.67 ± 0.04 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.013 | 0.061 | 0.232 | 0.874 |
♂ + ♀ | 0.64 ± 0.03 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 0.62 ± 0.04 | 0.007 | 0.131 | 0.449 | 0.448 |
Valine | ♂ | 3.85 ± 004 | 3.77 ± 0.13 | 3.75 ± 0.13 | 3.83 ± 0.22 | 0.037 | 0.790 | 0.410 | 0.800 |
♀ | 3.85 ± 0.18 | 3.65 ± 0.19 | 3.72 ± 0.07 | 3.75 ± 0.14 | 0.043 | 0.483 | 0.149 | 0.878 |
♂ + ♀ | 3.85 ± 0.12 | 3.71 ± 0.16 | 3.74 ± 0.09 | 3.79 ± 0.17 | 0.029 | 0.335 | 0.076 | 0.758 |
Methionine | ♂ | 2.21 ± 0.04 | 2.23 ± 0.06 | 2.15 ± 0.08 | 1.72 ± 0.76 | 0.113 | 0.379 | 0.638 | 0.240 |
♀ | 2.15 ± 0.11 | 2.10 ± 0.13 | 2.11 ± 0.02 | 2.18 ± 0.08 | 0.025 | 0.686 | 0.370 | 0.719 |
♂ + ♀ | 2.18 ± 0.08 | 2.16 ± 0.11 | 2.13 ± 0.06 | 1.95 ± 0.54 | 0.057 | 0.490 | 0.805 | 0.270 |
Isoleucine | ♂ | 3.88 ± 0.07 | 3.75 ± 0.13 | 3.77 ± 0.11 | 3.75 ± 0.24 | 0.040 | 0.697 | 0.381 | 0.545 |
♀ | 3.83 ± 0.17 | 3.59 ± 0.19 | 3.67 ± 0.06 | 3.71 ± 0.14 | 0.096 | 0.289 | 0.071 | 0.840 |
♂ + ♀ | 3.86 ± 0.12 | 3.67 ± 0.17 | 3.72 ± 0.10 | 3.73 ± 0.17 | 0.031 | 0.175 | 0.041 | 0.542 |
Leucine | ♂ | 7.61 ± 0.29 | 7.23 ± 0.23 | 7.29 ± 0.18 | 7.33 ± 0.41 | 0.084 | 0.446 | 0.159 | 0.522 |
♀ | 7.45 ± 0.29 | 7.11 ± 0.48 | 7.25 ± 0.10 | 7.18 ± 0.21 | 0.084 | 0.562 | 0.245 | 0.718 |
♂ + ♀ | 7.53 ± 0.27 | 7.17 ± 0.34 | 7.27 ± 0.13 | 7.26 ± 0.30 | 0.059 | 0.154 | 0.044 | 0.436 |
Lysine | ♂ | 5.74 ± 0.06 | 5.67 ± 0.12 | 5.80 ± 0.19 | 5.65 ± 0.33 | 0.053 | 0.764 | 0.904 | 0.874 |
♀ | 5.80 ± 0.24 | 5.47 ± 0.40 | 5.59 ± 0.06 | 5.71 ± 0.22 | 0.074 | 0.476 | 0.137 | 0.930 |
♂ + ♀ | 5.77 ± 0.16 | 5.57 ± 0.29 | 5.70 ± 0.17 | 5.68 ± 0.25 | 0.045 | 0.493 | 0.167 | 0.861 |
Histidine | ♂ | 2.08 ± 0.22 | 2.09 ± 0.07 | 2.19 ± 0.13 | 2.24 ± 0.16 | 0.127 | 0.548 | 0.977 | 0.188 |
♀ | 2.23 ± 0.12 | 2.03 ± 0.18 | 2.09 ± 0.08 | 2.13 ± 0.06 | 0.037 | 0.293 | 0.074 | 0.719 |
♂ + ♀ | 2.16 ± 0.18 | 2.06 ± 0.13 | 2.14 ± 0.11 | 2.19 ± 0.13 | 0.028 | 0.487 | 0.213 | 0.375 |
EAAs | ♂ | 30.53 ± 0.39 | 29.68 ± 0.78 | 29.87 ± 0.75 | 29.43 ± 1.56 | 0.268 | 0.574 | 0.421 | 0.443 |
♀ | 30.32 ± 1.22 | 28.81 ± 1.75 | 29.40 ± 0.33 | 29.58 ± 0.88 | 0.330 | 0.502 | 0.156 | 0.916 |
♂ + ♀ | 30.42 ± 0.82 | 29.24 ± 1.30 | 29.64 ± 0.58 | 29.51 ± 1.13 | 0.211 | 0.232 | 0.076 | 0.528 |
FAAs | ♂ | 33.16 ± 0.51 | 32.72 ± 1.13 | 32.55 ± 0.74 | 32.53 ± 1.45 | 0.264 | 0.860 | 0.635 | 0.515 |
♀ | 33.01 ± 1.30 | 31.24 ± 1.81 | 32.58 ± 0.92 | 32.32 ± 1.18 | 0.385 | 0.461 | 0.181 | 0.687 |
♂ + ♀ | 33.09 ± 0.88 | 31.98 ± 1.58 | 32.56 ± 0.75 | 32.42 ± 1.19 | 0.233 | 0.432 | 0.142 | 0.933 |
TAAs | ♂ | 82.70 ± 0.91 | 81.32 ± 2.26 | 81.12 ± 1.76 | 80.68 ± 3.82 | 0.640 | 0.766 | 0.571 | 0.451 |
♀ | 82.38 ± 3.15 | 78.31 ± 4.63 | 80.63 ± 1.56 | 80.48 ± 2.39 | 0.887 | 0.507 | 0.175 | 0.913 |
♂ + ♀ | 82.54 ± 2.08 | 79.82 ± 3.65 | 80.87 ± 1.51 | 80.58 ± 2.85 | 0.545 | 0.361 | 0.119 | 0.679 |
EAA/TAA% | ♂ | 36.91 ± 0.08 | 36.49 ± 0.07 | 36.82 ± 0.15 | 36.48 ± 0.47 | 0.086 | 0.150 | 0.204 | 0.726 |
♀ | 36.80 ± 0.08 | 36.79 ± 0.11 | 36.47 ± 0.30 | 36.76 ± 0.08 | 0.059 | 0.125 | 0.460 | 0.104 |
♂ + ♀ | 36.86 ± 0.09 | 36.64 ± 0.18 | 36.65 ± 0.29 | 36.62 ± 0.34 | 0.051 | 0.318 | 0.179 | 0.257 |
FAA/TAA% | ♂ | 40.10 ± 0.39 | 40.23 ± 0.35 | 40.13 ± 0.54 | 40.32 ± 0.35 | 0.105 | 0.913 | 0.854 | 0.810 |
♀ | 40.07 ± 0.29 | 39.89 ± 0.10 | 40.40 ± 0.38 | 40.16 ± 0.35 | 0.092 | 0.287 | 0.692 | 0.164 |
♂ + ♀ | 40.09 ± 0.31 | 40.06 ± 0.30 | 40.26 ± 0.44 | 40.24 ± 0.32 | 0.069 | 0.662 | 0.930 | 0.223 |
EAA/NEAA% | ♂ | 58.51 ± 0.20 | 57.47 ± 0.16 | 58.29 ± 0.38 | 57.43 ± 1.17 | 0.213 | 0.148 | 0.200 | 0.729 |
♀ | 58.24 ± 0.20 | 58.19 ± 0.28 | 57.40 ± 0.75 | 58.13 ± 0.21 | 0.147 | 0.125 | 0.459 | 0.104 |
♂ + ♀ | 58.37 ± 0.23 | 57.83 ± 0.45 | 57.85 ± 0.72 | 57.78 ± 0.85 | 0.126 | 0.316 | 0.176 | 0.258 |
Control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose represent Hortobágy geese supplemented with 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g Acremonium terricola culture per kg of the basal diet, respectively.
The average n values for ♂ (males), ♀ (females), and ♂ + ♀ (both sexes) were 12, 12, and 24, respectively.
FAAs include aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and arginine.
NEAA, nonessential amino acid; EAA, essential amino acid; FAA, flavoring amino acid; TAA, total amino acid.