Table 1. Review of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for beef

Country (system) GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq) Functional unit References
Japan (feedlot) 34.3 kg beef [7]
USA (feedlot) 14.8 kg live weigh [8]
USA (backgrounding/feedlot) 16.2 kg live weigh [8]
USA (pasture) 19.2 kg live weigh [8]
Australia (grain-fed) 9.9 kg HSCW [9]
Australia (grass-fed) 12 kg HSCW [9]
Sweden (organic) 22.3 kg bone free meat [10]
EU steer (over 24 months) 19 kg meat [11]
Canada (feedlot) 22 kg of beef [12]
South Korea (feedlot) 16.55 kg of live weight Current study
South Korea (feedlot) 27.87 kg trimmed beef Current study
CO2-eq, carbon dioxide equivalent; HSCW, hot standard carcass weight.