Table 4. Effects of dosage level of phytogenic feed additives on blood profile in growing-finishing pigs with stressed by stocking density

Items	NC	High stocking density							SEM	p-value
Items	NC	PC	ES1 (0.05%)	ES2 (0.10%)	CES1 (0.10%)	CES2 (0.20%)	GP1 (0.04%)	GP2 (0.08%)	SEM	p-value
2 week
WBC^5),7),8) (10³/µL)	19.67^c	22.37^bc	19.39^c	22.70^bc	25.18^ab	20.08^c	27.51^a	23.34^abc	0.47	< 0.001
Lymphocyte^2),3),4),5) (%)	62.43^a	59.40^a	54.93^ab	47.30^bc	44.07^c	56.57^ab	47.50^bc	54.50^ab	1.00	< 0.001
Neutrophil^2),3),4),6) (%)	33.40^d	35.83^d	38.53^cd	46.70^abc	50.10^a	37.57^d	47.57^ab	39.00^bcd	0.96	< 0.001
Basophil¹⁾ (%)	0.70^a	0.93^a	0.63^ab	0.90^bcd	1.20^a	0.67^a	0.63^cd	1.07^abc	0.04	0.001
Cortisol (µg/dL)	2.70^ab	2.53^ab	2.83^a	1.84^ab	3.72^ab	2.64^ab	4.55^b	1.68^a	0.19	0.002
TNF- α (pg/mL)	31.50^b	63.23^ab	120.8^ab	97.87^ab	38.37^b	94.70^ab	38.70^b	150.00^a	9.66	0.008
IL-6^2),4),5) (pg/mL)	79.33^abc	120.10^ab	131.80^a	59.63^bc	57.63^bc	84.77^abc	95.20^abc	40.03^c	6.14	< 0.001
8 week
WBC (10³/µL)	19.48^ab	21.58^a	20.30^ab	16.87^b	17.86^ab	17.84^ab	17.75^ab	19.15^ab	0.39	0.035
Lymphocyte (%)	70.67	67.37	71.47	67.33	66.03	66.37	69.37	67.73	0.84	0.691
Neutrophil (%)	26.47	29.97	25.53	28.70	29.97	31.20	27.40	28.83	0.84	0.729
Basophil (%)	0.67	0.87	0.70	0.80	0.80	0.70	0.63	0.70	0.25	0.253
Cortisol^2),5) (µg/dL)	4.13^ab	4.49^a	3.33^abc	2.48^abc	1.27^c	3.17^abc	2.02^bc	3.64^ab	0.21	< 0.001
TNF- α^2),5) (pg/mL)	22.77^d	78.67^ab	85.87^a	53.67^bc	32.83^cd	40.83^cd	33.10^cd	49.07^c	3.15	< 0.001
IL-6^4),7) (pg/mL)	47.30^ab	41.70^ab	51.93^ab	34.40^b	49.10^ab	46.90^ab	56.87^a	44.87^ab	1.53	0.012

Contrast: NC vs PC (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Other treatments (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Essential oil vs Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Essential oil vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Means with different letters are significantly differ (p < 0.05) or tend to differ (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10).
NC, basal diet in animal welfare density; PC, basal diet in high stocking density; ES1, basal diet with essential oil 0.05% in high stocking density; ES2, basal diet with essential oil 0.10% in high stocking density; CES1, basal diet with mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil 0.10% in high stocking density; CES2, basal diet with mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil 0.20% in high stocking density; GP1, basal diet with grape pomace extract 0.04% in high stocking density; GP2, basal diet with grape pomace extract 0.08% in high stocking density; WBC, white blood cell; TNF- α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, Interleukin-6.