Table 1. Feed ingredients and nutrients composition of the treatment rations (DM basis, %)

Growing Early fattening Final fattening Hay Rice straw
6–11 months 12–20 months 21–30 months
Control High TDN Control High TDN Control High TDN
Ingredient (% DM)
 Corn 20.00 22.00 25.00 26.00 13.56 11.72
 Steamed flaked corn - - - - 25.00 25.00
 Wheat 18.00 18.00 19.00 19.00 18.00 20.00
 Wheat bran 14.00 12.00 13.00 10.00 - -
 Rice bran 2.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 - -
 Cotton seed whole - - - - - 4.00
 Soybean 3.00 5.00 - - - -
 Soy hull - - 1.00 - 0.40 4.00
 Corn gluten feed 7.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 19.89 20.09
 Coconut oil 8.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 - -
 Copra meal - - - - 3.60 1.82
 Palm kernal meal 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 11.24 5.00
 Rapeseed meal 5.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 - -
 Palm olein oil - - - - 0.30 1.05
 DDGS 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 - -
 Molasses cane 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.7
 Condensed molasses soluble - - - - 0.85 0.84
 Limestone 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.33 1.94
 Salt 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.16 0.16
 Sodium bicarbonate 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.91 0.92
 Magnesium oxide 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 - -
 Mineral PX 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.22 - -
 Vitamin PX 0.18 0.18 0.05 0.05 - -
 Mineral-vitamin premix - - - - 0.20 0.20
 Others1) 3.12 3.12 2.13 2.13 0.56 0.56
 SUM 100 100 100 100 100 100
Nutrient level (% DM)
 Dry matter 87.83 87.69 87.79 87.94 88.16 88.14 90.13 91.43
 Crude protein 16.00 16.48 13.00 13.39 12.95 12.95 15.87 4.39
 Ether extract 3.42 3.76 3.74 4.57 3.33 4.90 2.78 2.36
 Crude fiber 6.74 6.5 6.76 6.36 6.24 6.35 - -
 Crude ash 9.12 8.48 9.04 8.62 6.99 6.00 7.15 13.07
 Ca 1.25 1.2 1.25 1.23 1.23 1.08 - -
 P 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.46 0.46 - -
 ADF 11.36 10.84 10.84 10.35 8.70 9.21 40.15 38.13
 NDF 28.25 27.1 27.61 26.85 22.01 22.33 76.29 70.21
 TDN 70.53 72.65 71.00 73.13 73.01 75.99 53.00 44.00
Specials: Pre-/Probiotics, organic minerals, buffers, taster & flavors etc.
DM, dry matter; TDN, total digestible nutrients; DDGS, dried distiller’s grains with solubles; PX, premix; ADF, acid detergent fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber.