Table 4. Effects of dietary probiotics on intestinal microbiota of piglets challenged with E. coli in Experiment 1

Items (Log₁₀CFU/g)		Small intestine		Large intestine
CHAL	PRO	Escherichia coli	Salmonella	Escherichia coli	Salmonella
-	NC	4.71^c	2.68	5.54^d	2.91
-	LA	4.59^c	2.53	5.49^d	2.79
-	38W	4.58^c	2.50	5.55^d	2.75
-	PK	4.66^c	2.48	5.59^d	2.92
-	PF30	4.67^c	2.51	5.51^d	2.97
+	NC	6.95^a	2.59	7.55^a	2.98
+	LA	6.33^b	2.41	6.83^c	2.78
+	38W	6.34^b	2.49	7.02^bc	2.79
+	PK	6.58^ab	2.55	7.46^c	2.92
+	PF30	6.49^b	2.60	7.39^ab	2.96
-		4.64	2.54	5.54	2.87
+		6.54	2.53	7.25	2.89
	NC	5.83^a	2.63^a	6.55^a	2.95^a
	LA	5.46^b	2.47^b	6.16^c	2.79^b
	38W	5.46^b	2.50^b	6.29^bc	2.77^b
	PK	5.62^b	2.52^b	6.53^a	2.92^a
	PF30	5.58^b	2.56^ab	6.45^ab	2.97^a
p-value	CHAL	< 0.001	0.710	< 0.001	0.651
	PRO	0.002	0.035	0.001	0.013
	CHAL ⨯ PRO	0.048	0.178	0.004	0.954
SE		0.085	0.050	0.087	0.064

Values within a row with different superscripts are significantly different.
Abbreviation: CHAL, challenge; PRO, probiotics; -, non-challenged with Escherichia coli; +, challenged with E. coli; NC, non-supplemented with probiotics; LA, Lactobacillus plantarum; 38W, Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1; PK, Pediococcus acidilactici K; PF30, Lactobacillus reuteri.