Table 1. Analyzed energy and nutrient concentrations in fish meal, defatted black soldier fly larva (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) meal, and adult flies in Exp. 1, as-is basis

Item Fish meal Defatted BSF larva meal Adult flies
Gross energy (kcal/kg) 4,451 4,434 5,098
Dry matter (%) 92.1 95.7 94.4
Crude protein (%) 68.6 59.5 59.0
Ether extract (%) 7.5 7.6 26.8
Acid detergent fiber (%) 0.8 13.4 22.5
ADIN (%) 0.22 1.08 1.66
Chitin1) (%) - 8.7 13.3
Glucosamine (%) - 0.11 0.16
Ash (%) 16.2 17.7 5.3
Indispensable amino acids (%)
 Arginine 4.1 2.9 2.2
 Histidine 1.3 1.7 1.3
 Isoleucine 2.3 2.1 1.7
 Leucine 4.9 4.0 3.2
 Lysine 5.2 3.8 2.8
 Methionine 1.8 1.1 0.8
 Phenylalanine 2.5 2.3 1.6
 Threonine 2.9 2.2 1.8
 Tryptophan 0.4 0.5 0.4
 Valine 2.8 5.5 4.8
Dispensable amino acids (%)
 Alanine 4.5 3.5 3.6
 Aspartic acid 6.1 5.2 3.7
 Cysteine 0.5 0.5 0.4
 Glutamic acid 9.3 6.2 5.0
 Glycine 4.6 3.1 2.5
 Proline 3.0 3.3 2.6
 Serine 3.0 2.5 2.0
 Tyrosine 1.9 3.6 1.9
Chitin (%) = ash-free acid detergent fiber (%) − acid detergent fiber-linked protein (%) [14].
ADIN, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen.