Table 2. Effects of different TMR diets on ruminal fermentation parameters

Items	Treatments1)			p-value
	CON	L-IRGS	H-IRGS
pH	6.30 ± 0.01	6.35 ± 0.00	6.31 ± 0.00	0.082
NH3-N (mg/dL)	14.35 ± 0.37	13.30 ± 0.07	13.90 ± 0.09	0.094
TVFA (mmol/L)	91.88 ± 0.29a	88.30 ± 0.46b	83.90 ± 0.32c	0.001
Individual VFA (mol/100 mol)
Acetate	63.48 ± 0.09	63.09 ± 0.33	63.55 ± 0.05	0.349
Propionate	22.36 ± 0.05a	20.68 ± 0.08b	21.84 ± 0.01a	0.001
Butyrate	14.16 ± 0.05b	16.23 ± 0.41a	14.61 ± 0.03b	0.017
A/P ratio	2.84 ± 0.01c	3.06 ± 0.01a	2.91 ± 0.00b	0.001

Treatments: CON, total mixed ration containing oat hay, timothy, and alfalfa hay; L-IRGS, total mixed ration containing 19% of Italian ryegrass silage; H-IRGS, total mixed ration containing 36% of Italian ryegrass silage.
Means with different superscripts in a row differ significantly (p < 0.05). Results are presented as mean ± SEM.
NH₃-N, ammonia nitrogen; VFA, volatile fatty acid; A/P ratio, acetate-to-propionate ratio.