Enzyme | Dietary supplementation (ppm as Zn) | Contrast | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Native ZnO1) | LE ZnO | LE ZnO vs. | Within LE ZnO | |||||||||||||
100 | 2,500 | SEM | 8% lipid2) | 10% lipid2) | 12% lipid2) | SEM | Native ZnO | 10% lipid vs. | 100 vs. | |||||||
100 | 250 | 100 | 250 | 100 | 250 | 100 | 2,500 | 8% | 12% | 250 | ||||||
Zn concentration | ||||||||||||||||
Liver (μg/g) | 34.9 | 412.1 | 13.6 | 33.3 | 55.4 | 27.8 | 33.5 | 36.3 | 39.0 | 19.2 | <0.01 | 0.87 | <0.01 | 0.48 | 0.72 | 0.52 |
Serum (μg/ml) | 1.78 | 2.45 | 0.14 | 1.53 | 1.63 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.14 | 1.62 | 0.22 | <0.01 | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.75 | 0.57 | 0.31 |
Villus structure | ||||||||||||||||
Duodenum | ||||||||||||||||
VH (μm) | 292 | 284 | 14 | 299 | 365 | 299 | 315 | 277 | 323 | 20 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.71 | <0.01 |
CD(μm) | 230 | 227 | 11 | 240 | 282 | 238 | 276 | 231 | 256 | 16 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.78 | 0.41 | <0.01 |
VH:CD | 1.27 | 1.26 | 0.04 | 1.25 | 1.29 | 1.26 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.26 | 0.05 | 0.56 | 0.37 | 0.66 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.98 |
Jejunum | ||||||||||||||||
VH (μm) | 280 | 252 | 16 | 254 | 315 | 240 | 266 | 275 | 263 | 21 | 0.31 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.17 |
CD(μm) | 230 | 206 | 15 | 234 | 262 | 225 | 238 | 251 | 218 | 20 | 0.49 | 0.64 | 0.08 | 0.44 | 0.89 | 0.87 |
VH:CD | 1.21 | 1.16 | 0.03 | 1.09 | 1.20 | 1.07 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.20 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.13 | <0.01 |
Ileum | ||||||||||||||||
VH (μm) | 245 | 209 | 13 | 215 | 247 | 245 | 234 | 230 | 232 | 19 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.62 |
CD(μm) | 228 | 186 | 13 | 205 | 221 | 238 | 224 | 238 | 180 | 19 | 0.15 | 0.73 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
VH:CD | 1.10 | 1.21 | 0.07 | 1.30 | 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.71 |
Enzyme activity (μmol end product · mg protein-1 · min-1) | ||||||||||||||||
Sucrase | ||||||||||||||||
Duodenum | 0.043 | 0.034 | 0.008 | 0.076 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.049 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.89 | 0.39 |
Jejunum | 0.874 | 0.537 | 0.225 | 0.319 | 0.401 | 0.160 | 0.628 | 0.509 | 0.170 | 0.318 | 0.59 | 0.06 | 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.79 |
Ileum | 0.098 | 0.117 | 0.032 | 0.105 | 0.099 | 0.088 | 0.107 | 0.094 | 0.119 | 0.046 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.68 | 0.93 | 0.86 | 0.74 |
Maltase | ||||||||||||||||
Duodenum | 5.18 | 4.41 | 1.10 | 8.15 | 4.56 | 5.98 | 7.71 | 5.34 | 7.80 | 1.56 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.88 |
Jejunum | 15.87 | 12.70 | 3.48 | 8.35 | 12.95 | 10.28 | 14.10 | 13.88 | 5.38 | 4.92 | 0.76 | 0.22 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.61 | 0.99 |
Ileum | 4.20 | 5.39 | 1.49 | 5.11 | 4.02 | 2.91 | 6.27 | 4.13 | 3.95 | 2.11 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.57 | 0.99 | 0.80 | 0.69 |
LAP | ||||||||||||||||
Duodenum | 2.00 | 2.30 | 0.36 | 2.19 | 1.91 | 1.99 | 2.72 | 1.90 | 3.20 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.96 | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.17 |
Jejunum | 3.15 | 2.73 | 0.27 | 2.37 | 2.53 | 3.17 | 2.51 | 3.25 | 2.20 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.86 | 0.31 | 0.77 | 0.11 |
Ileum | 1.76 | 1.93 | 0.29 | 2.04 | 1.71 | 1.68 | 1.94 | 1.61 | 1.81 | 0.41 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.69 | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.89 |
Amylase (PAN) | 241.2 | 142.1 | 23.0 | 262.1 | 185.1 | 224.3 | 240.7 | 237.6 | 231.4 | 31.4 | 0.06 | 0.67 | <0.01 | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.39 |
Trypsin (PAN) | 0.156 | 0.107 | 0.022 | 0.149 | 0.127 | 0.150 | 0.184 | 0.160 | 0.197 | 0.032 | 0.43 | 0.86 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.71 | 0.53 |