Table 3
Effect of cashew nut shell liquid and monensin supplementation under different dietary conditions on in vitro short chain fatty acid production

Parameters	Forage to concentrate ratio										P-value
	9:1		7:3		5:5		3:7		1:9		P-value
	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment	Additive	Diet	A × D
	mmol/dL
Cashew nut shell liquid
Total SCFA	9.57^c	9.81^bc	9.64^bc	10.67^ab	10.26^bc	11.36^a	10.71^ab	10.71^ab	10.67^ab	10.49^abc	0.004	<0.001	0.019
Acetate	6.44^ab	6.41^ab	6.40^ab	6.70^ab	6.72^a	6.83^a	6.82^a	6.35^bc	6.74^a	6.12^b	0.078	0.048	0.003
Propionate	1.64^e	2.11^cde	1.71^de	2.60^b	1.90^cde	3.32^a	2.13^bcd	3.30^a	2.21^bc	3.46^a	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
n-Butyrate	1.13^c	0.99^de	1.20^bc	1.07^cd	1.30^ab	0.94^de	1.40^a	0.84^ef	1.36^a	0.73^f	<0.001	0.011	<0.001
Monensin
Total SCFA	8.08^b	7.96^b	8.26^b	8.29^b	8.71^ab	9.03^ab	8.69^ab	8.80^ab	9.41^a	8.73^ab	0.650	<0.001	0.280
Acetate	5.20^ab	5.00^ab	5.15^ab	4.92^ab	5.24^ab	5.16^ab	5.07^ab	4.81^ab	5.38^a	4.69^b	0.002	0.416	0.228
Propionate	1.82^cd	1.78^d	1.92^cd	2.16^bcd	2.19^bcd	2.65^ab	2.33^bc	2.91^a	2.64^ab	2.95^a	<0.001	<0.001	0.093
n-Butyrate	0.82^d	0.90^cd	0.95^bcd	0.99^abcd	1.03^abc	1.04^abc	1.09^ab	0.92^bcd	1.16^a	0.93^bcd	0.029	<0.001	0.001
	molar %
Cashew nut shell liquid
Acetate	67.28^a	65.35^b	66.39^ab	62.73^c	65.48^b	60.13^d	63.72^c	59.30^de	63.22^c	58.37^e	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Propionate	17.17^f	21.46^d	17.74^f	24.34^c	18.47^ef	29.16^b	19.90^de	30.67^b	20.72^d	32.99^a	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
n-Butyrate	11.80^b	10.03^c	12.43^ab	10.05^c	12.63^ab	8.31^d	13.08^a	7.87^d	12.72^ab	6.90^e	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Monensin
Acetate	64.21^a	62.53^a	62.33^ab	59.33^cd	60.12^bc	57.19^d	58.34^cd	54.58^e	57.23^d	53.78^e	<0.001	<0.001	0.280
Propionate	22.51^de	22.27^e	23.21^de	26.00^cde	25.02^cde	29.29^bc	26.67^cd	33.05^ab	28.11^c	33.79^a	<0.001	<0.001	0.007
n-Butyrate	10.19^c	11.27^abc	11.52^abc	11.87^abc	11.87^abc	11.49^abc	12.51^a	10.47^bc	12.37^ab	10.57^bc	0.034	0.119	0.001