Table 4. Fermentation characteristics after in vitro incubation of treatments using buffered rumen fluid
Item | Treatment | SEM | p-value |
RGP | CGF | WG | CGM |
IVDMD (%) | 80.31bc | 81.77b | 90.54a | 77.36c | 1.538 | < 0.01 |
IVNDFD (% NDF) | 72.52b | 68.98b | 59.40c | 81.47a | 2.719 | < 0.01 |
IVCPD (%CP) | 83.72c | 94.55a | 93.57a | 90.20b | 1.015 | < 0.01 |
pH | 6.33c | 6.41b | 6.49a | 6.25d | 0.013 | < 0.01 |
NH3-N (mg/100 mL) | 15.54d | 36.05a | 34.09b | 22.58c | 0.445 | < 0.01 |
TVFA (mM) | 77.8c | 82.6ab | 80.3bc | 83.5a | 1.00 | < 0.05 |
Acetate | 572.7a | 544.8b | 506.5d | 519.6c | 2.26 | < 0.01 |
Propionate | 297.5c | 286.5d | 325.6b | 333.2a | 1.91 | < 0.01 |
Butyrate | 90.1d | 98.1c | 107.1a | 102.3b | 0.82 | < 0.01 |
Iso-butyrate | 8.2d | 16.1a | 13.7b | 9.3c | 0.10 | < 0.01 |
Valerate | 22.0c | 32.2a | 28.5b | 24.0c | 0.74 | < 0.01 |
Iso-valerate | 9.5d | 22.2a | 18.7b | 11.7c | 0.23 | < 0.01 |
A:P ratio | 1.93a | 1.90a | 1.56b | 1.56b | 0.017 | < 0.01 |
Values in the same row with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).
RGP, red ginseng byproduct; CGF, corn gluten feed; WG, wheat gluten; CGM, corn germ meal; IVDMD, in vitro dry matter digestibility; IVNDFD, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility; IVCPD, in vitro crude protein digestibility; NH3-N, ammonia nitrogen; TVFA, total volatile fatty acids; A:P ratio, acetate to propionate ratio.