Table 2. Effects of rice wine residue (RWR) supplementation on the ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations of Hanwoo steers
Parameter | Treatment1) | SEM | p-value |
CON | 10% RWR | 15% RWR |
pH | 6.28a | 6.05b | 6.04b | 0.06 | < 0.01 |
Total VFA (mM) | 57.62 | 60.25 | 67.12 | 2.64 | 0.06 |
Acetate (mM) | 29.23 | 29.71 | 32.94 | 1.16 | 0.12 |
Propionate (mM) | 12.28 | 13.27 | 13.50 | 0.78 | 0.61 |
Butyrate (mM) | 13.71c | 14.75b | 18.37a | 1.06 | 0.05 |
Valerate (mM) | 0.42c | 0.49b | 0.64a | 0.04 | < 0.01 |
iso-Butyrate (mM) | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.41 |
iso-Valerate (mM) | 1.50 | 1.58 | 1.29 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
A:P ratio | 2.39 | 2.24 | 2.44 | 0.11 | 0.95 |
TMR only (CON); TMR + 10% RWR (10% RWR); TMR + 15% RWR (15% RWR).
Means in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).
RWR, Korean rice wine residue; VFA, volatile fatty acid; A:P, acetate/propionate ratio; TMR, total mixed ration.