Table 1. Chemical composition of the concentrates and TMR fed for dairy cows throughout the study¹⁾

Items	Concentrates	TMR
Ingredients ratio (%, DM)
Concentrate	-	17.75
Cashew nut meal	-	8.39
Soybean meal	-	4.15
Corn silage	-	29.16
Mixed hay	-	16.27
Alfalfa	-	12.71
Timothy	-	10.58
Bypass fat	-	0.94
Sodium bicarbonate	-	0.24
Yeast culture	-	0.24
Mineral mixture	-	0.24
Calcium carbonate	-	0.33
Nutrient compositions (%, DM)
Moisture (%, as fed)	10.92	42.89
Crude protein	18.96	10.72
Ether extract	4.16	3.53
Crude fiber	4.55	14.49
Crude ash	7.93	5.77
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)	19.01	27.88
Acid detergent fiber (ADF)	7.35	16.14
Calcium	1.40	0.61
Phosphorous	0.57	0.25
NFE (%)	53.48	22.60
TDN (%)	74.18	67.70
NEL (Mcal/kg)	1.70	1.54

Values obtained from Foundation of Agricultural Technology Commercialization & Transfer (Iksan, Korea).
TMR, total mixed ration; DM, dry matter; NFE, nitrogen-free extract; TDN, total digestible nutrients; NE_L, net energy for lactation.