Table 5. Changed metabolites during the fermentation of antler velvet extract

PC11) p-value FC2)
Metabolites increased by fermentation
 D-Lactic acid 0.990 < 0.001 287.20
 L-Proline 0.984 0.005 +
 Mevalonic lactone 0.979 0.006 +
 Succinic acid 0.979 0.007 +
 Glutaric acid 0.968 0.01 +
 Glycine 0.955 0.009 6.091
 D-Mannitol 0.945 0.013 +
 Propanoic acid 0.937 0.028 +
 Phenylalanine 0.920 0.040 +
 Aminomalonic acid 0.907 0.053 +
Metabolites reduced by fermentation
 d-Galactose −0.908 0.040 3.712
 Mannose −0.928 0.010 1.835
 D-(−)-Tagatose −0.971 < 0.001 -
 d-Galactose −0.983 0.005 1.735
It was listed in the order of high absolute loadings on PC1 generated by principal component analysis (PCA).
The numerical value is fold change (FC), the plus means metabolites detected in FAV and the minus means metabolites not-detected in FAV, but in AV.