Table 10. Metabolic pathways affected by supplementation treatment compared with control

Metabolite-related pathway	D-Met	HMBi
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism	●
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	●	●
Arginine and proline metabolism	●
β-Alanine metabolism	●
Butanoate metabolism
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Cysteine and methionine metabolism	●
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism	●
Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism	●
Glycolysis or gluconeogenesis	●
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Inositol phosphate metabolism	●
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Pentose phosphate pathway	●
Phenylalanine metabolism	●
Propanoate metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism	●
Tyrosine metabolism	●
Ubiquinone and another terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis

●, Significantly increased pathway metabolites determined by Metabo Analyst v. 3.0 software for Bos taurus, relative to control (p < 0.05) (see Methods for detailed explanation).
●, Pathway detection metabolites affected by the application of treatments were further analyzed by Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison test, a multiple comparison procedure to compare each of several treatments with a single control.
D-Met, D-methionine; HMBi, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid i.