Table 4. Changes in in vitro ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations according to flaking treatment for lupin

Item	Time (h)	Lupin grain	Lupin flake	p-value
pH	0	6.73 ± 0.01	6.74 ± 0.01	0.10
	3	6.14 ± 0.01	6.12 ± 0.01	0.07
	6	5.45 ± 0.01a	5.03 ± 0.01b	0.01
	9	5.14 ± 0.01a	4.78 ± 0.01b	0.01
	12	5.03 ± 0.01a	4.74 ± 0.01b	0.01
	24	4.86 ± 0.01a	4.51 ± 0.01b	0.01
	48	4.75 ± 0.01a	4.32 ± 0.01b	0.01
NH3-N (mg/dL)	0	22.75 ± 1.15a	18.05 ± 0.22b	0.01
	3	34.34 ± 1.26	34.74 ± 1.23	0.88
	6	36.98 ± 2.31	36.92 ± 2.46	0.94
	9	40.20 ± 2.26	41.83 ± 2.14	0.45
	12	43.21 ± 1.66	44.88 ± 1.56	0.56
	24	44.88 ± 3.19b	52.73 ± 1.45a	0.03
	48	56.25 ± 3.68b	62.24 ± 2.58a	0.01

Means followed by different letters in the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).