Table 6. Changes in ruminal nutrients disappearance rates according to flaking treatment for lupin

Item	Time (hr)	Lupin grain	Lupin flake	p-value
DM (%)	0	41.76 ± 7.54	47.05 ± 6.78	0.19
	3	50.65 ± 7.19	55.20 ± 6.80	0.25
	6	54.07 ± 8.28	56.22 ± 3.24	0.56
	9	56.18 ± 6.37	61.12 ± 3.10	0.13
	12	58.85 ± 12.35	65.70 ± 6.49	0.24
	24	69.98 ± 9.19	71.46 ± 4.21	0.75
	48	83.79 ± 9.21	84.77 ± 2.97	0.93
CP (%)	0	60.91 ± 1.42	58.56 ± 2.26	0.28
	3	61.36 ± 0.31	61.40 ± 0.53	0.92
	6	63.96 ± 1.78	66.41 ± 0.29	0.13
	9	65.77 ± 0.63b	70.97 ± 1.04a	0.01
	12	66.28 ± 0.20b	77.81 ± 0.61a	0.01
	24	78.72 ± 2.14	79.17 ± 0.19	0.78
	48	90.11 ± 0.34	90.71 ± 0.12	0.08
NDF (%)	0	50.95 ± 6.76	47.50 ± 0.67	0.51
	3	54.78 ± 0.14b	57.60 ± 0.58a	0.01
	6	62.24 ± 0.20b	63.90 ± 0.52a	0.01
	9	68.54 ± 1.14b	70.98 ± 0.36a	0.04
	12	72.57 ± 2.50	73.33 ± 0.98	0.71
	24	80.63 ± 0.31	78.11 ± 1.29	0.06
	48	89.90 ± 0.61	90.15 ± 1.88	0.87
ADF (%)	0	39.49 ± 9.68	46.27 ± 8.70	0.19
	3	50.90 ± 9.23	56.74 ± 8.73	0.24
	6	55.29 ± 10.63	58.05 ± 8.73	0.56
	9	58.00 ± 8.18	64.33 ± 3.99	0.13
	12	61.42 ± 15.6	70.22 ± 8.33	0.10
	24	75.71 ± 11.80	77.61 ± 5.40	0.23
	48	86.22 ± 10.91	93.31 ± 2.44	0.25

Means followed by different letters in the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).
DM, dry matter; CP, crude protein; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber.