Table 7. Effect of lupin flakes on growth performance of Hanwoo steers

Item	Control	T1	T2	T3	p-value
Body weight (kg)
16 months of age	447.0 ± 40.6	443.5 ± 31.6	445.2 ± 39.1	441.4 ± 22.5	0.99
19 months of age	555.6 ± 49.5	551.9 ± 41.1	560.5 ± 41.8	553.9 ± 42.6	0.95
26 months of age	692.4 ± 39.1	698.3 ± 39.2	718.5 ± 42.8	738.0 ± 64.1	0.15
29 months of age	759.8 ± 43.91	745.5 ± 34.76	755.3 ± 62.28	760.6 ± 87.23	0.87
ADG (whole period)	0.74 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.05	0.74 ± 0.08	0.76 ± 0.19	0.88
Intake (dry matter kg/steer/day)
Concentrate	7.98 ± 0.03^b	8.18 ± 0.04^a	8.23 ± 0.04^a	8.25 ± 0.06^a	0.05
Rice straw	1.63 ± 0.02^a	1.11 ± 0.04^b	1.02 ± 0.02^b	0.98 ± 0.07^b	0.05
DMI	9.60 ± 0.04^a	9.29 ± 0.04^b	9.26 ± 0.04^b	9.21 ± 0.11^b	0.04
Crude protein	1.30 ± 0.01	1.31 ± 0.01	1.32 ± 0.01	1.32 ± 0.01	0.07
TDN	7.30 ± 0.02^c	7.39 ± 0.02^b	7.47 ± 0.01^a	7.48 ± 0.07^a	0.01
Feed conversion ratio	12.98 ± 0.05	12.91 ± 0.05	12.51 ± 0.03	12.11 ± 0.15	0.08

Means followed by different letters in the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).
ADG, average daily gain (16 to 29 months of age); DMI, dry matter intake; TDN, total digestible nutrients.