Table 5. Microbiota composition determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The relative abundance of phyla, classes and genera levels of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract of pigs

Items²⁾	Treatments, mean% (SE)¹⁾
Items²⁾	A	B	C	D
Firmicutes	88.58 (2.83)^a	85.24 (1.26)^a	88.75 (3.82)^a	86.42 (4.34)^a
Bacilli	13.46 (0.85)^a	24.09 (2.60)^b	11.14 (0.80)^a	24.12 (3.19)^b
Lactobacillus	8.91 (0.74)^a	16.83 (1.27)^b	9.69 (0.50)^a	18.79 (1.36)^b
Streptococcus	1.75 (0.37)^a	6.59 (0.96)^b	1.13 (0.09)^a	5.65 (0.65)^b
Weissella	0.14 (0.01)^a	0.46 (0.05)^b	0.10 (0.07)^a	0.49 (0.06)^b
Pediococcus	0.01 (0.01)^a	0.11 (0.02)^b	0.01 (0.01)^a	0.12 (0.01)^b
Leuconostoc	0.01 (0.01)^a	0.05 (0.01)^b	0.00 (0.00)^a	0.02 (0.01)^a
Clostridia	65.06 (2.28)^b	39.86 (2.19)^a	67.62 (2.76)^b	38.72 (1.89)^a
Howardella	0.04 (0.01)^a	0.25 (0.11)^b	0.05 (0.02)^a	0.21 (0.04)^ab
Negativicutes	6.39 (0.83)^a	4.34 (0.51)^a	6.02 (1.02)^a	4.03 (0.57)^a
Mitsuokella	1.87 (0.30)^a	3.10 (0.46)^b	1.19 (0.19)^a	2.04 (0.40)^a
Proteobacteria	5.42 (0.55)^a	6.13 (0.41)^a	5.47 (0.90)^a	6.32 (0.56)^a
Betaproteobacteria	0.58 (0.23)^a	1.86 (0.28)^b	0.61 (0.06)^a	2.30 (0.36)^b
Parasutterella	0.30 (0.10)^a	1.19 (0.25)^b	0.35 (0.08)^a	1.34 (0.21)^b
Sutterella	0.24 (0.03)^a	0.63 (0.12)^b	0.26 (0.06)^a	0.95 (0.12)^c
Bacteroidetes	3.77 (0.44)^ab	6.04 (0.42)^b	2.44 (1.06)^a	4.05 (0.86)^ab
Bacteroidia	3.60 (0.38)^a	3.07 (0.43)^a	2.41 (0.34)^a	2.88 (0.39)^a
Prevotella	1.04 (0.26)^a	2.10 (0.22)^b	1.20 (0.15)^a	2.18 (0.29)^b
Bacteroides	0.02 (0.01)^a	0.31 (0.04)^b	0.02 (0.01)^a	0.32 (0.05)^b
Prevotellaceae_uc	0.03 (0.01)^a	0.27 (0.05)^ab	0.08 (0.04)^a	0.28 (0.06)^b
Actinobacteria	1.62 (0.31)^a	1.93 (0.69)^a	2.30 (0.87)^a	2.77 (1.14)^a
Actinobacteria_c	1.54 (0.30)^a	1.75 (0.21)^a	2.07 (0.27)^a	2.42 (0.31)^a
Bifidobacterium	0.14 (0.03)^b	0.06 (0.01)^a	0.16 (0.03)^b	0.07 (0.01)^a

Data represent means ± SD of 6 replicates.
A, barrows fed with the basal diet; B, barrows fed with 0.3% RC-LAB fermented feed; C, gilts fed with the basal diet; D, gilts fed with 0.3% RC-LAB fermented feed.
Statistical tests of over-or under-representation of bacterial lineages among at each sample were made at the phylum, class and genera levels using Duncan’s multiple range test.
Means are significantly different within the same row (p < 0.05).