Table 5. Effects of dosage level of phytogenic feed additives on behavior changes in growing pigs with stressed by stocking density

Items	NC	High stocking density							SEM	p-value
		PC	ES1 (0.05%)	ES2 (0.10%)	CES1 (0.10%)	CES2 (0.20%)	GP1 (0.04%)	GP2 (0.08%)
Basic behavior (min/hour)
Feed intake1),3),4),5),6),8)	4.55a	4.25c	4.33bc	4.30bc	4.46ab	4.49ab	4.33bc	4.36abc	0.02	0.001
Standing1),3),4),5),6),8)	6.57b	7.42a	6.94ab	6.93ab	6.83ab	6.55b	6.80ab	7.11ab	0.07	0.009
Lying1),3),4),5),6),8)	45.45	43.90	44.42	44.43	45.31	44.43	44.60	44.53	0.15	0.069
Sitting1),4),5),6)	3.43	4.44	4.32	4.35	3.52	4.40	4.27	4.00	0.11	0.045
Singularity behavior (count/hour)
Drink water4),8)	5.25	5.15	5.19	5.18	5.23	5.21	5.15	5.16	0.02	0.949
Rooting	2.06	2.09	2.12	2.08	2.05	2.06	2.07	2.08	0.18	0.996
Posture transition (lying-sitting)1),3),4),5)	2.17	2.57	2.49	2.47	2.44	2.43	2.51	2.46	0.05	0.612
Posture transition (sitting-lying)1),3),4),8)	2.18	2.56	2.49	2.48	2.43	2.41	2.52	2.47	0.04	0.613
Biting1),2),3),4),5),7),8)	0.65b	0.74a	0.66b	0.68ab	0.64b	0.67ab	0.69ab	0.70ab	0.01	0.014

Contrast: NC vs PC (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Other treatments (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Essential oil vs Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Essential oil vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Means with different letters are significantly differ (p < 0.05) or tend to differ (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10).
NC, basal diet in animal welfare density; PC, basal diet in high stocking density; ES1, basal diet with essential oil 0.05% in high stocking density; ES2, basal diet with essential oil 0.10% in high stocking density; CES1, basal diet with mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil 0.10% in high stocking density; CES2, basal diet with mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil 0.20% in high stocking density; GP1, basal diet with grape pomace extract 0.04% in high stocking density; GP2, basal diet with grape pomace extract 0.08% in high stocking density.