Table 6. Effects of dosage level of phytogenic feed additives on behavior changes in finishing pigs with stressed by stocking density

Items	NC	High stocking density							SEM	p-value
Items	NC	PC	ES1 (0.05%)	ES2 (0.10%)	CES1 (0.10%)	CES2 (0.20%)	GP1 (0.04%)	GP2 (0.08%)	SEM	p-value
Basic behavior (min/hour)
Feed intake^{1),3),4),5),6),8)}	4.92^a	4.71^b	4.97^a	4.93^a	4.95^a	5.01^a	4.94^a	4.98^a	0.02	< 0.001
Standing^1),4),5),6)	6.44^a	6.01^b	6.03^b	6.14^ab	6.27^ab	6.20^ab	6.40^a	6.21^ab	0.04	0.002
Lying^{1),3),4),5)6),7)}	45.10^c	45.68^a	45.46^ab	45.35^bc	45.15^bc	45.18^bc	45.17^bc	45.28^bc	0.04	< 0.001
Sitting^{1),5),6),7),8)}	3.53	3.60	3.54	3.58	3.63	3.61	3.50	3.54	0.01	0.950
Singularity behavior (count/hour)
Drink water⁵⁾	5.66	5.64	5.52	5.70	5.61	5.65	5.56	5.69	0.03	0.712
Rooting^{2),3),4),5),7)}	1.41	1.27	1.43	1.30	1.34	1.47	1.45	1.40	0.02	0.231
Posture transition (lying-sitting)^{1),4),5),6),7)}	2.68	2.40	2.33	2.44	2.56	2.56	2.54	2.57	0.04	0.471
Posture transition (sitting-lying)^{1),4),5),6),7)}	2.67	2.39	2.33	2.45	2.55	2.57	2.52	2.56	0.05	0.716
Biting^{1),2),3),4),5),6),7),8)}	0.84	0.92	0.91	0.88	0.84	0.83	0.85	0.87	0.01	0.060

Contrast: NC vs PC (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Other treatments (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: PC vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Essential oil vs Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Essential oil vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Contrast: Mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil vs Grape pomace extract (p < 0.05).
Means with different letters are significantly differ (p < 0.05) or tend to differ (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10).
NC, basal diet in animal welfare density; PC, basal diet in high stocking density; ES1, basal diet with essential oil 0.05% in high stocking density; ES2, basal diet with essential oil 0.10% in high stocking density; CES1, basal diet with mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil 0.10% in high stocking density; CES2, basal diet with mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil 0.20% in high stocking density; GP1, basal diet with grape pomace extract 0.04% in high stocking density; GP2, basal diet with grape pomace extract 0.08% in high stocking density.