Table 2. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the top 10 differentially expressed miRNAs of Holstein colostrum–derived extracellular vesicles in the comparison between Holstein colostrum– and Holstein mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles

GO ID	GO term	p-value	Pathway ID	Definition	p-value
GO:0042981	Regulation of apoptotic process	0.003	bta04010	MAPK signaling pathway	< 0.001
GO:0008285	Negative regulation of cell proliferation	0.004	bta04014	Ras signaling pathway	< 0.001
GO:0001525	Angiogenesis	0.007	bta05224	Breast cancer	0.003
GO:0007267	Cell–cell signaling	0.008	bta04935	Growth hormone synthesis, secretion, and action	0.006
GO:0045930	Negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	0.013	bta05200	Pathways in cancer	0.011
GO:0030334	Regulation of cell migration	0.014	bta05210	Colorectal cancer	0.013
GO:0000422	Mitophagy	0.020	bta04062	Chemokine signaling pathway	0.019
GO:0042771	Intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	0.020	bta05100	Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells	0.020
GO:0043524	Negative regulation of neuronal apoptotic process	0.021	bta04022	cGMP-PKG signaling pathway	0.022
GO:0000045	Autophagosome assembly	0.023	bta04211	Longevity regulating pathway	0.042

Only the top 10 GO terms representing the biological process and KEGG pathway are listed in the table.
KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; cGMP-PKG, cyclic guanosine monophosphate–protein kinase G.