Table 8. Emission factor (EF₃) to calculate N₂O emissions from manure management

1996 GL		2006 GL		2019 Refinement
Manure treatment system	EF₃ (kg N₂O-N/kg N)	Manure treatment system	EF₃ (kg N₂O-N/kg N)	Manure treatment system	EF₃ (kg N₂O-N/kg N)
Solid storage and dry lot	0.02	Solid storage	0.005	Solid storage	0.01
Solid storage and dry lot	0.02	Composting-in vessel (for swine)	0.006	Composting-in vessel	0.006
Liquid system	0.001	Liquid/slurry with natural crust	0.005	Liquid/slurry with natural crust > 6 months	0.005
		Pit storage below confinement > 1 month (for swine)	0.002	Pit storage below confinement > 6 months (for swine)	0.002
		Liquid/slurry without natural crust (for poultry)	0	Liquid/slurry without natural crust > 6 months (for poultry)	0
Other	0.005	Aerobic treatment-forced aeration system	0.005	Aerobic treatment-forced aeration system	0.005

Data from IPCC [10], IPCC [12], and IPCC [13].