Table 5. Effects of dietary protected fat and vitamin E on feed intake, blood metabolites, and reproductive performances of Hanwoo cows

Item	Treatment				SEM	p-value
Item	CON	PF	VE	MIX	SEM	p-value
Feed intake (kg/d)	7.20	7.20	7.20	7.20	NA	NA
Body condition score	2.88	2.92	3.25	2.96	1.426	0.379
Blood metabolites before 30 d of AI
Vitamin E (umol/L)	7.08^b	7.97^b	11.8a	10.9^a	2.400	0.001
BUN (mg/dL)	10.9	10.8	9.95	10.2	2.504	0.807
Glucose (mg/dL)	52.9	60.6	52.1	57.0	8.316	0.069
LH (ng/mL)	1.43	1.28	1.13	1.01	0.607	0.538
FSH (ng/mL)	1.00	1.12	1.05	1.00	0.210	0.515
Progesterone (ng/mL)	> 30.0	> 30.0	> 30.0	> 30.0	NA	NA
Estrogen (pg/mL)	69.2^a	31.2^b	21.6^b	21.8^b	9.03	< 0.001
Reproductive performance after 42 d of AI
AI number	2.32^a	1.33^b	1.25^b	1.17^b	0.513	0.041
Pregnancy rate (%)	60.0	70.0	70.0	70.0	NA	NA

CON, without supplement; PF, supplemented 1% protected fat; VE, supplemented 1% vitamin E; MIX, supplemented 1% mixture of PF and VE at 1:1 ratio.
Means in the same row with different superscripts differ (p < 0.05).
NA, not applicable; AI, artificial insemination; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone.