Effects of Different Processed Forms of Panax Ginseng on Sperm Motility and Reproductive Parameters in Male Dogs

Male infertility in dogs is a major concern in veterinary reproductive medicine, with sperm quality being a key determinant of reproductive success. Traditional herbal medicine, particularly Panax ginseng, is widely recognized for its potential to improve male reproductive function. However, no studies have investigated the effects of Panax ginseng on canine reproduction. This study evaluated the effects of different processed forms of Panax ginseng - white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG) and black ginseng (BG) - on sperm motility, testosterone levels and biochemical parameters in dogs. Beagle dogs were administered WG, RG, or BG daily for 60 days in a crossover design. Serum testosterone levels and biochemical markers were measured at defined intervals, while sperm motility and velocity parameters were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results showed that BG supplementation significantly improved sperm motility and velocity parameters compared to WG and RG, with no adverse effects on biochemical markers. However, testosterone levels remained unchanged between groups. These results suggest that BG may improve canine sperm quality through mechanisms independent of testosterone regulation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular pathways involved and to optimize dosing strategies for clinical application.