Effects of fructooligosaccharides and inulin on growth performance, immunity and the gut microbiome in weaned piglets

Prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides and inulin are biological activators that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. However, their specific effects when applied during the weaning period in piglets remains limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of fructooligosaccharides and inulin supplementation in weaned piglets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and gut microbiota composition with the aim of exploring their potential benefits for piglet health during the weaning transition. A total of 72 weaned piglets (28 days of age) were allocated to three dietary groups: CON (basal diet), FOS (CON + 0.3% fructooligosaccharides), and INU (CON + 3% inulin) to investigate the effects of fructan supplementation. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, immune responses, and fecal microbiota were evaluated. Although fructan supplementation did not induce significant changes in growth performance or nutrient digestibility, it significantly increased serum immunoglobulin A levels. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota of the supplemented piglets was enriched with short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria, including <italic>Phascolarctobacterium, Agathobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto</italic>, and <italic>Flavonifractor</italic>. Fructan supplementation in the diets of weaned piglets positively influenced immune response and gut microbiota composition, suggesting its potential to enhance gut health during the weaning period.